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Ignacio Zuloaga
Eibar, Gipuzkoa, 1870-Madrid, 1945
1913
Oil on canvas, 152 x 195.5 cm
Donated by Ramón de la Sota y Llano in 1919
Portrait of the Countess Mathieu de Noailles depicts Anna Elisabeth de Brancovan, a Parisian poetess of Greek and Romanian origin. Heavy curtains serve as a frame for the portrait, emphasizing the theatrical nature of the portrait. Even so, Zuloaga opens the painting up to a backdrop of clouds, itself inspired by El Greco’s backgrounds, as a way of concentrating our interest on the sensual figure of the sitter. In the lower right corner, the artist gifts us a small still-life consisting of a table with books, evoking the Countess’s devotion to literature, a necklace of pearls—a sign of passion—and a broad vase full of roses, symbol of love: both a brief symbolic compendium of the Countess’s personality and an updating of the Spanish baroque theme of the vanitas. Despite being hailed by international art critics of the early 20th century as one of the finest painters of the time, in Spain Zuloaga was accused of exalting the country’s perceived backwardness. His training, far from the academic world, the influence of the intellectual circles in Paris and his association with Spain’s highly critical "Generation of "98" literary movement, led him to take popular culture and Spanish 17th century painting and Goya as his references. These influences imbued his works with a remarkable expressiveness and powerful psychological insight, which, together with the Romantic vision and his undeniable skills as a painter, were the essential factors in Zuloaga’s subsequent output. [J.N.G.]

Independently of its permanent collection, the Bilbao Fine Arts Museum regularly organises temporary exhibition programmes.
Please consult the exhibition calendar for more information about the museum's latest proposals.
From the Bilbao Fine Arts Museum’s extensive collection of works on paper come the four most celebrated series of etchings by Francisco de Goya (Fuendetodos, Zaragoza, 1746–Bordeaux, France, 1828): Caprichos (80), The Disasters of War (82), Tauromachy (40) and The Follies (22).
Altogether, the exhibition features 224 prints embodying the extraordinary talents of the genius from Aragon, whose work marked something of a watershed in the history of the engraving. Goya executed these series free from the restraint of commissions. His mastery of engraving techniques, combining etching for drawing the composition, aquatint, sometimes burnished, to create effects of light and volume, and burin and dry point for retouching, allowed Goya to unleash a remarkable creative energy rarely seen until then in graphic work.
An essential part of Goya’s body of work, the Caprichos was the first collection of prints he made to be sold as a series. They make an occasionally biting critique of political, religious and social mores of the time. Begun around 1792, they were finished by 1799.
The Disasters of War began to be transferred to plates around 1810, during the Napoleonic invasion of Spain. The vivid impression of the horrors of war and the grim consequences of the worst of the human spirit were captured for posterity in a timeless series in which Goya bears unflinching witness to barbarity and injustice.
Between the drama of The Disasters and the mystery of The Follies came Tauromachy, engraved from 1814 to 1816 as an oasis of emotion provoked by the crises, twists and turns and supreme moments of the bullfighting that Goya so enjoyed.
The Follies or The Proverbs is the most enigmatic series. Posthumously edited without fixed titles, the chronology, ordering and meaning were left undetermined. The series may date from the years 1816 and 1823. The complete series, acquired by the Museum in 2008, belongs to the high quality first edition printed for the Academy.
Our appreciation of this extraordinary set of images, whose originality has intrigued many an avant-garde artist, is enhanced when they are compared with the prints of previous, contemporary and later artists also in the Museum collection. The Museum will be publishing an exhibition catalogue with all the prints on show, accompanied by an essay by José Manuel Matilla, head of the Drawings & Prints Department at the Prado.
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