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Anonymous catalan artist
Late 12th century
Polychrome wood, 130.5 x 107 x 14.7 cm
Donated by the Banco de Bilbao in 1961
This figure of Christ is a clear exponent of Catalan Romanesque sculpture and reveals the solemn and conceptual nature of mediaeval art. An extremely frequent motif in the Catalan Pyrenees throughout the twelfth century, Jesus Christ was usually portrayed either as the Dead Christ Mourned or as Christ in Majesty (Maiestas Domini), i.e., Jesus alive and triumphant on the cross as we see here. This last type, derived from Byzantine tradition, is characterised by the rigidity and the frontal view of the figures, depicted with large, wide-open eyes and feet nailed separately.
This work, of an exceptional quality and in a good state of preservation, presents Christ without a crown, dressed in a long Syrian robe or colobium decorated with imperial eagles. The schematic treatment of the figure, its rigid and majestic attitude and its face, that reveals no signs of suffering, endeavour to convey its sovereignty and magnificence.
The cross, polychrome on both sides, is another symbol of royalty and therefore a throne rather than an instrument of torture. Above the head of Christ we read the inscription IHS XPS REX ON, an abbreviation of “Iesus Christus Rex Iudeorum” (Jesus Christ King of the Jews), which is flat and widens out at the ends. The upper area contains personified representations of the Sun and the Moon that refer to the eclipse that took place upon Jesus’ death; the Virgin Mary stands to the right and St John to the left. The lower area presents Adam emerging from the sepulchre as a symbol of man’s redemption by Jesus. These figures represent a step forward towards naturalism and announce a new style: Gothic. [A.S.L.]

Independently of its permanent collection, the Bilbao Fine Arts Museum regularly organises temporary exhibition programmes.
Please consult the exhibition calendar for more information about the museum's latest proposals.
Metallurgy was discovered and developed in America in Peru’s central mountain range 35 centuries ago. In Colombia, the origins of metal working go back to the 4th century BC, by which time many societies in the region had fully mastered the long process of a craft that encompassed the extraction of metal, its working and conversion into symbols, its use and, finally, its restitution to the earth in the shape of offerings. In the two thousand years metallurgy was developed and practiced in Colombia (a period interrupted by the Spanish conquest in 1500 AD), a dozen different styles emerged accompanied by some complex techniques, all used and combined in different alloys. The results, in aesthetic terms, were—and remain—impressive and surprising in equal measure.
Such artistic and technological riches were based on an economic prosperity that released part of the population from other labours to devote themselves to gold- and silversmithing. Using a variety of stylistic models and patterns, indigenous craftsmen fashioned a complex, profound philosophy, and dealt with the interrelations between names and how they interacted with nature and the gradual unfolding of the universe. The design, composition and equilibrium of this prosperous crafts-based culture give it a deservedly high place in the long and chequered history of world art.
In summer 2011, the Bilbao Fine Arts Museum is scheduled to stage a major exhibition with 253 pieces from a variety of pre-Columbine cultures. The objects themselves come from the Banco de la República’s Museum of Gold in Bogotá (Colombia), which has one of the world’s most important collections of pre-Hispanic metallurgy. This is a broad selection of objects made in gold and silver, ceramics and stone, including masks, breastplates, necklaces and bracelets in different metals, other ceramic objects and stone tools, all chosen for their artistic value and historic and anthropological interest, some of the pieces being more than 2,500 years old.
Divided into six sections (The Golden People, Fabled Animals, The Man-Animal, Abstraction and Nature, The Universe of Forms, and Metallurgy and Pre-Hispanic Societies), the exhibition will gradually reveal the enormously rich visual repertoire pre-Hispanic gold and silversmiths were capable of creating.
The main themes, alone or in combination, are the human figure, real and fantastic animals, and geometric forms. Vegetable and plant forms are relatively scarce. The unique objects on display will undoubtedly evoke the riches of pre-Hispanic culture, capable of integrating such themes as the supernatural and the natural, the sacred and the profane, man and animal, the body and the soul, the abstract and the figurative, nature and culture, in a hugely interesting aesthetic corpus that still resonates today, speaking to us of sacred rituals and power, and the symbols associated with them.
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